Circuit theory

The batteries are available with some specific terminal voltages. e.g. 1.5V, 6 V, 12 V, 24 V, 48 V etc. If we want to have some terminal voltage other than these standard ones, then series or parallel combination of the batteries should be done. One more reason for connecting the batteries in series or parallel

Figure 1. Force acting on a Current Carrying Conductor placed in a Magnetic Field.

According to the voltage division rule, the voltage across each resistor in a series electrical circuit is given by the ratio of product of the total voltage and that resistance to that of the sum of the resistances among which the voltage is divided.

“In a linear, passive and bilateral single source network, the ratio of response to the excitation is constant even though the source is interchanged from the input terminals to the output terminals”.

Purely Resistive Circuit having a pure resistor ‘R’ connected across an A.C voltage source as shown in figure (1). Let the voltage applied to circuit be v.

Purely Inductive Circuit having a pure inductance ‘L’ connected across an A.C voltage source as shown in figure (1). Let the voltage applied to circuit be ‘v’.