Basic Electronics
What is Phototransistor? Working, Circuit Diagram, Construction, Symbol & Applications
The phototransistor is an optoelectronic device that generates or detects the signals from light incident on it. The symbol of phototransistor is shown in figure (1).
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What is Charge Coupled Device (CCD)? Working, Circuit Diagram, Construction, Symbol, Applications & V-I Characteristics
Charge Coupled Device (CCD) is a simple shift register used to store and transfer analog signals and electrically or optically injected charge carriers. Construction of Charge Coupled Device Figure 2: Charge Coupled Device Structure. The structure of a three-phase charge-coupled device is as shown in figure (1). The basic structure of CCD comprises of
What is Solar Cell (or Photovoltaic Cell)? Working, Circuit Diagram, Construction, Symbol, Applications & V-I Characteristics
A solar cell or photovoltaic cell is a semiconductor PN junction device with no direct supply across the junction. It transforms the light or photon energy incident on it into electrical power and delivers to the load. Figure 1: Solar Cell Symbol.
What is Light Emitting Diode (LED)? Working Principle, Circuit Diagram, Construction, Symbol, Applications & Characteristics
The light-emitting diode (LED) is a light-sensitive diode that emits light when it is forward-biased. Figure (1) shows the symbol of LED. Working Principle of Light Emitting Diode (LED) When a free electron from the higher energy level gets recombined with the holes, emits light or photon energy. Here, in case of LEDs, the supply
What is the Two Transistor Analogy (Model) of SCR (Thyristor)?
Two-transistor model is used to explain the principle of operation of Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR). Since, a SCR is a four layered PNPN device, it can be considered as a combination of two transistors, one transistor as PNP and the other transistor as NPN which are connected back to back. Figure 1: Structure of Two-transistor
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What is Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR)? Working, Circuit Diagram, Construction, Symbol, Applications & VI Characteristics
A silicon-controlled rectifier is a four-layer PNPN device with a gate control terminal. Basically, it is a semiconductor device made of silicon material. Construction & Working of Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) The basic structure of SCR is illustrated in figure 2. Figure 2: Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) Structure. It consists of four layers (i.e., p,
What is LASER Diode? Working Principle, Circuit Diagram, Construction, Symbol, Applications & Characteristics
LASER diodes are one of the major optical sources, used in the optical communication for light generating purpose. LASER is an acronym for ‘Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation’. It is a device that emits light (electromagnetic radiation) through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of photons. These are used as
What is Varactor Diode? Working Principle, Circuit Diagram, Construction, Symbol, Applications & Characteristics
A PN junction diode that acts as a voltage variable capacitor under reverse bias condition is known as varactor diode. The symbol and its equivalent circuit of varactor diode are as shown in figure (1). Figure 1: Varactor Diode.
What is UJT Relaxation Oscillator? Working, Circuit Diagram, Waveforms & Derivation
UJT Relaxation Oscillator is a nonlinear oscillator which generates a non-sinusoidal signal such as sawtooth waveforms as output.
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