Dielectric heating, also known as capacitive heating or radiofrequency (RF) heating, is a process in which non-conductive (dielectric) materials are heated by applying an alternating electric field. This heating occurs due to the molecular polarization of the dielectric material when subjected to a high-frequency AC electric field. It is widely used in industries such as […]
A function generator is an electronic device used to generate electrical waveforms over a wide range of frequencies. It is widely used in the fields of electronics, communications, and testing to create specific signals for testing, calibration, and experimentation. Figure 1: Block diagram of a function generator.
Energy-efficient motors are advanced electric motors designed to utilize electrical energy more effectively, reducing energy losses caused by heat, friction, and inefficiencies. These motors meet or exceed international efficiency standards, such as NEMA Premium and IEC standards, ensuring optimized performance and minimal energy consumption.
A toggle switch is a type of electrical switch that is operated by moving a lever or handle back and forth to open or close a circuit. Toggle switches are commonly used in various electronic devices and equipment to control electrical power or signal flow. They are reliable, easy to use, and versatile, making them
A pH meter is an electronic instrument used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, expressed as pH. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, where a pH of 7 indicates neutrality, values below 7 indicate acidity, and values above 7 indicate alkalinity. A pH meter provides precise pH readings, which are
Electron Beam Welding (EBW) is an advanced welding process that utilizes a focused beam of high-velocity electrons to join materials. This technique operates in a vacuum to prevent electron scattering and ensure a precise, high-energy weld.
Carbon Arc Welding (CAW) is a welding process that uses an arc struck between a carbon electrode and the base metal to generate heat for melting and joining metals. It is one of the oldest welding processes, invented in 1881 by Nikolay Benardos. The heat generated by the arc melts the base metal and, in
Seam welding is a specialized welding process in which two or more overlapping metal sheets are joined together using a series of overlapping welds, creating a continuous, leak-proof seam. This is achieved using rotating wheel-shaped electrodes that roll over the workpiece while applying pressure and an electric current.
Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) is an automated or semi-automated welding process in which an electric arc is formed between a continuously fed electrode and the workpiece. The process is conducted under a blanket of granular flux, which prevents contamination, minimizes spatter, and ensures a high-quality weld.
A bundled conductor is a configuration where multiple sub-conductors are grouped together and used as a single phase conductor in high-voltage (HV) or extra-high-voltage (EHV) transmission lines. These sub-conductors are separated by spacers to maintain their relative positions, typically arranged in geometric patterns like linear, triangular, or square configurations.