Definition A Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) charge controller is an electronic DC–DC converter used in solar power systems to extract the maximum possible power from photovoltaic (PV) panels and deliver it to batteries or DC loads. Unlike simple PWM controllers that switch the panel directly to the battery voltage, MPPT controllers continuously adjust the […]
Definition A solar inverter is an electronic device that converts the direct current (DC) generated by photovoltaic (PV) solar panels into alternating current (AC) that can be used by household appliances or exported to the electrical grid. Inverters typically also provide protective functions, system monitoring, and sometimes maximum power point tracking (MPPT) to optimize energy
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Definition House wiring (or residential electrical wiring) refers to the set of conductors, protective devices (circuit breakers/fuses), sockets, switches, light fittings and earthing arrangements installed to distribute electricity within a dwelling. Its primary goals are to provide reliable power and protect people and property from electrical hazards through correct circuit design and protection. Key
Definition Operating Principle Derivation Types Comparison Table Advantages / Disadvantages Applications 1. Definition of Distance Relay A distance relay (or impedance relay) is a protection device used on power transmission lines that estimates the distance to a fault by measuring the apparent impedance between the relay location and the fault point. It measures terminal voltage
The short-circuit (SC) test determines the series equivalent impedance of a transformer (as referred to one side, usually the primary). In the test the transformer’s secondary terminals are shorted and a reduced voltage is applied to the primary so that rated (or required) current flows. Measured quantities are the applied voltage VSC, the input current
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An electromagnetic relay is an electrically operated switch that uses an electromagnet to mechanically operate a switching mechanism. When an electric current flows through the coil of the relay, it generates a magnetic field that attracts a movable armature, thereby opening or closing a set of contacts. This allows one electrical circuit to control another
Plate earthing is a method of grounding electrical systems by burying a metallic plate deep into the ground to provide a low-resistance path for fault currents. This ensures the safety of electrical equipment and personnel by preventing electric shocks and minimizing voltage fluctuations.
A center-tapped full-wave rectifier is an electrical circuit used to convert alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC). It is commonly used in power supplies to ensure efficient DC voltage conversion.
Lead sheathed wiring is a type of electrical wiring system that uses conductors insulated with rubber and enclosed in a lead-aluminum alloy sheath. This system provides excellent mechanical protection and resistance to environmental factors such as moisture and corrosive gases. It was commonly used in industrial and residential applications in the past but has now
Casing capping wiring is one of the traditional electrical wiring methods used in residential, commercial, and industrial buildings. This method involves running electrical wires inside a casing (usually made of PVC or wood) and covering them with a capping for protection. It is known for its safety, durability, and ease of installation.